Ketones and covid

Ketones.  The word has a  lyrical sound.....It makes me think of a music flowing pleasantly from appealing chords to melody, or of soft palettes of colour for creative expression. Ketones are not benevolent or pleasant though.  At least not for people with type 1 diabetes. (There are some  pancreatic-enabled people who choose a ketogenic diet of low or no carbs and high fat.as a weight control method) 

Essentially ketones are toxic acids.   Glucose is our usual source of energy, but if that glucose can't be used in the blood (that's the role of insulin), the body looks for an alternative source of fuel - fat. The liver processes fat into ketones and sends them into the bloodstream. People without diabetes can handle this acid in the blood, but for people with Type 1, the acidic build up  together with high glucose that can't be processed, is a life threatening situation.  It leads to DKA - diabetic ketoacidosis.  DKA can  cause damage to the lungs, brain and kidneys. It is to be avoided at all costs - it can be deadly and requires hospitalization.  

TD's glucose levels have been on the high side for the last while.  At the end of the year we met with the endocrinologist who thought TD was doing a good job of handling the stress of a pandemic, exams and diabetes.  2021 has not been the new start so many were hoping for, it seems to be a continuation of the 2020 mess with the promise of some light at the end of the tunnel.   TD's glucose numbers started to rise ....and rise... until last Saturday she was feeling lethargic, tired and couldn't bring down the glucose from 20s.  We needed to test for ketones. 

TD's glucose meter has the facility to test for ketones using a different test strip.  These strips are fairly expensive, and not covered by medical aid, so we don't keep too many in the house.  As luck would have it, the few we did have had expired, so TD (exhausted and dejected) and I  (anxious and flustered) went in search of more.  (I could not leave her at home in case she deteriorated and needed help).  The first pharmacy offered to order some in, and I could fetch them in a few days time.  The next had a ticket queue of at least 90 minutes wait.  It was quicker to drive the 15 minutes to a pharmacy that I know stocks  them on the open shelf.

A safe ketone reading!

Long story short, there were only trace ketones in TD's blood and we could relax a bit.  Getting the glucose down took a lot of patience, jugs of water and more insulin than she would usually inject in 2 days. 

But it worked, eventually, and the lethargy, dizziness, anxiety and fatigue subsided, and TD could carry on with her weekend.  This will always be a part of TD's life.  She will always have to keep control of her glucose, and avoid the highs as much as the lows. 

 I wish type 1 diabetes were preventable, but it is not. 

I wish avoiding it were as easy as obeying a few rules, like wearing a mask, washing your hands and social distancing, but it is not.

. Life throws us so many things we are completely unable to control.  So when we are given a challenge (like covid) that allows some measure of being able to keep ourselves safe, grab the opportunity to stay healthy with both hands. Please.

TD was in DKA at diagnosis.The build up of ketones and glucose was so high that she was in critical danger.  She survived because a dedicated pathologist ran her tests at night and phoned me at 2am to urge me to rush her to Emergency. She is alive because the insulin that was dripped into her saved her life. The kindness of the doctors and nurses surrounded us when we were  overwhelmed and bewildered. 

It is our turn to show that same dedication and responsibility towards the medical community.  Most of them are feeling overwhelmed and bewildered at the sheer number of people who need their care, and of the loss of life they see daily.  Keep being aware of the dangers of covid.  Keep the preventative measures as daily habits.  Keep safe.  Please.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Love Letter : a card game

So, this is how we roll:  TD was sick.  She had a bad dose of gastric flu, and couldn't keep any food in or down.  She had a high temperature, was listless and unable to eat.  I took her to the GP who has extensive and personal experience of T1 diabetes.  I trust him.  (A lot of other people do too - the waiting room was packed and we had a couple of hours to chill before he could see us.)  TD's ketones* were over 2  -that is too high, so he wanted to put her on a drip straight away.



The surgery nurse hooked her up in one of the treatment rooms, and I phoned home to say we would be another hour or two.  TD was stressing for two reasons: One – she does not like drips.  She has bad memories from the time she had a drip needle in her hand for a week at diagnosis.  And Two – it was the last day of her brother’s holiday in Cape Town before he had to fly back to the UK.  She didn’t want to miss out on those last few hours with him.

A few minutes after my phone call, my husband and son arrived at the doctors’ rooms.  TD’s brother had brought with him an-easy-to-play-even-with-one-hand card game, and so the four of us enjoyed some quality family time while the drugs and saline dripped into TD’s system.  Because this is how we roll.

The next day, TD had not responded sufficiently to the meds, so after dropping our son at the airport, and having spoken to Dr T, we took TD to be admitted to hospital.

Another drip in the emergency room :  this one took two nurses, one doctor and more than four attempts to put in.  TD’s veins are almost invisible, and even when found,  they are not receptive to big IV needles.  TD was distraught.  I held her head, shielding her eyes from the puncture bruises and tried to calm her a bit.  She dislikes hospitals even more than she dislikes drips.  And this time she had no brother to cheer her up.

The nurse on duty had a larger than life attitude and was Fabulous! The doctor on duty just seemed flummoxed. The whole diabetes thing seemed to throw her a bit.  She ran some blood tests, put up the drip, but was ready to send TD home when the blood results came back, without wanting to give the drip time to do its thing.  TD had high ketones -4 on admission.  We told the doctor we would wait for the drip to finish.  I massaged TD’s feet, Andrew played a logic game on his phone with her, the Fabulous Nurse checked in on us every now and then.

At last, a couple of hours later, the drip had dripped its last drop.  The Nurse retested TD ; Ketones 2, Glucose 22.  Now the doctor thought there might be a problem.  She suggested giving TD 10 units of fast acting insulin.  Andrew and I looked at each other.  We suggested treating her at home.  10 units was a worryingly large amount of insulin, and we were worried she would go too low.  TD was discharged, and we took her home.

Instinct can be a useful tool, and in this case, we were right.  By 2am, TD’s glucose number was down to 5, with no extra insulin given.  We had been right to monitor her at home.  The gastro cleared up with the prescribed antibiotic.  It had been a wobbly week,  and one that allowed a lot of introspection for me about what is important in life. Somebody stealing the house numbers off our front gate, a disappointing trip to a hairdresser, travel plans getting complicated - all background in that same week- all became trivia and annoyances rather than anything to worry about. The important stuff was all ok – TD got better, we had had a lovely family holiday time together, and when things get a bit rough the four of us form a gridlock of security for each other. I imagine that we were quite a sight, crammed in a small room, TD lying on the bed with a drip, the rest of us trying to squeeze into the space without getting in the way too much, playing a card game (It is called Love Letter if you want to get a pack!), guessing  as to who held which cards.  There were a few amused glances thrown at us. I don't mind what others think - because when a 14 year old is dealt the diabetes card, she needs to be surrounded by love and humour.  And that is how we roll.

A note on ketones:  If a person's body does not have enough insulin, and so glucose cannot be converted into energy, the body looks for alternative energy sources and starts to break down body fat and muscle.  Ketones are the acid by-product of this process, and their presence can quickly lead to DKA (Diabetic ketoacidosis) - a life threatening situation.